Surface Tension
It has been seen that a drop of blood forms a hump on horizontal glass. Similarly a drop of mercury
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AM Transmitters and Receivers
Broadcast transmitters can be classified according to carrier frequency. Long wave transmitters below 300 kHz can be used for regional
Read MoreAdditive White Gaussian Noise Channel (AWGN)
If the channel is affected by White Noise then it is called as AWGN channel. White Noise is basically thermal
Read MoreInformation Theory and Coding
The basic goal of communication system is to transmit information from one point to another. Information theory deal with efficient
Read MoreOptimum Receivers for AWGN Channels
In analog communication, the user objective is to achieve high fidelity in waveform reproduction. Hence, the suitable performance criterion is
Read MoreData Transmission Schemes
As we have studied earlier about the base band pulse transmission, we have seen that the output of a PCM
Read MoreMultiplexing
Multiplexing is the sending of a number of separate signals together over the same cable or bearer, simultaneously without interference.
Read MorePulse Modulation
The modulation technique in which transmitted signal is in the form of digital pulses is called digital modulation system. Normally,
Read MoreAngle Modulation
There is another method of modulating a sinusoidal carrier wave, namely, angle modulation in which either the phase or frequency
Read MoreGeneration of AM Waves
In this section we will discuss the devices and methods used for the generation of standard AM wave based on
Read MoreAmplitude Modulation
In analog communication, message is analog and the carrier is sine wave, which is also analog in nature. The modulation
Read MoreConditional Probability
It often happens that the probability of one event is influenced by the outcome another event. As an example, consider
Read MoreTheory of Random Variable and Noise
If the ultimate receiver knew in advance the message output from the originating source, there would be no need to
Read MoreWhy Study Communication
The rapidly changing face of technology necessitates learning of new technology. Today the question is no longer in the field
Read MoreDigital Filters
A digital filter uses computation to implement the filtering action that is to be performed on a continuous time signal.
Read MoreDiscrete Time Fourier Series (DTFS)
In continuous-time Fourier series, periodic signals are represented as sum of complex exponentials. The continuous-time Fourier representation of periodic signal
Read Morez-Transform
The discrete-time counterpart of Laplace transform is z-transform. The frequency domain analysis of discrete time system allows us to represent
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