Electrical Engineering - MADE EASY Study Material for GATE, ESE and SES Exams

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Combinational and Sequential Circuits

INTRODUCTION A combinational circuit consists of an interconnection of logic gates, whose outputs at any instant of time are determined

Applications of Equal Area Criterion Below figure shows the transient model of a single machine connected to infinite bus bar.

An EX-NOR gate is an EX-OR gate followed by NOT gate. The basic EX-NOR gate is a two input and

A basic EX-OR gate is a two input single output logic gate, whose output is assumed to be HIGH only

A NOR gate is a combination of OR gate and NOT gate. So we can say it is a NOT-OR

The NAND gate and NOR gate are called Universal gates because they can perform all the three basic functions of

The NOT Gate The NOT gate has a single input variable and a single output variable. The NOT operation is

Logic gates are the based building blocks of any digital system. They are usually constructed in LSI and VLSI circuits

KARNAUGH MAP The “Karnaugh map” is a graphical method which provides a systematic method for simplifying and manipulating the Boolean

De Morgan’s Theorem These are very useful in simplifying expressions in which a product or sum of variables is inverted.

The Boolean algebra is governed by certain well developed rules and laws. Commutative Laws The commutative law allows change in

Most of the relays are restrained by spring so that they are at a pre-determined position when completely de-energized. At

There are mainly two types of protection: Primary protection: It is the first line of defence and ensures quick acting

1. Air-Break Circuit Breakers (ACB) 2. Oil Circuit Breakers 3. Vacuum Circuit Breakers (VCBs) 4. Air-Blast Circuit Breakers (ABCB) 5.

A circuit breaker consists of two contacts namely “fixed” and “moving contacts” which touches each other under normal condition i.e.

INTRODUCTION In a power system protection, faults can occur in any components like generators, transformers, buses or transmission lines and

It has been seen that transient stability is greatly affected by the type and location of a fault, so that

Let us consider a single machine tied to infinite bus through two parallel lines as shown below in figure. Let