Computer Organization and Architecture - MADE EASY Study Material for GATE, ESE and PSUs Exams 2025-26

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WHAT IS I/O MODULES AND ITS TYPES?

I/O modules allows for communication between a computer system and a peripheral device. Types of I/O Modules Isolated I/O When

Very large numbers cannot be represented using fixed-point notation, nor can very small fractions. For decimal numbers, we get around

Cache Memory Cache is a random access memory used by the central processing unit (CPU) to reduce the average time

The memory stores the instructions and data for an executing program. Memory is characterized by the smallest addressable unit as

The memory size is defined in terms of the amount of primary memory actually installed. The address space, determined by

Pipeline hazards occur when instructions rely on the outcomes of previous instructions that have not yet completed their execution. Structural

Pipelining is a technique for breaking down a sequential process into various sub-operations and executing each sub-operation in its own

Program interrupt refers to the transfer of program control from a currently running program to another service program as a

Addressing: “The general subject of specifying where the operands are” is called addressing. Addressing mode may present within operation field

A set of binary codes that are recognised and executed directly by a processor is called a machine code. An

Categorizes computer architectures based on the number of instruction and data streams. 1. Single Instruction Stream, Single Data Stream (SISD):

A CPU contains three main sections: the register section, the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), and the control unit. These sections work