Surveying - MADE EASY Study Material for GATE, ESE and SES Exams

Latest:

RELIEF DISPLACEMENT

Relief is the elevation of object above or below the datum. Relief displacement is the lateral displacement (also called as

These co-ordinates are measured with respect to x-axis and y-axis. The origin of these axes is at the datum principal

Aerial photograph is the photograph of an area taken from air with a camera mounted on an aircraft. This image

Triangulation survey is conducted for one or more of following purposes: For establishing accurate ground control points for photogrammetric survey

In triangulation, the whole area under consideration is covered with a framework of triangles. It is based on the principle

In the absence of stadia hairs, the tangential method of tacheometry is resorted to. This method is used when the

As shown in figure, let there be an external focusing telescope with horizontal axis. Also the staff is held vertical

It must originate and meet the straights at zero curvature i.e. at contact points T1 and T2, the radius of

A compound curve is the combination of two or more simple circular curves of different radii. Thus because of two

Vertical curve joins the two intersecting lines which lie in a vertical plane. e.g. Curve provided to connect two roads

Horizontal curve joins the two intersecting lines which lie in a horizontal plane. e.g. Curve provided to connect two roads

The latitude (L) of a line is the orthographic projection of the line on the N-S axis representing the Meridian.

Theory of probability is used to study the behaviour of accidental errors. Error when plotted against the probability of its

Gross errors or mistakes Systematic or cumulative errors Accidental or random errors Gross Errors or Mistakes This mistake occurs on

It is the book used for entering the staff readings and reduced levels of various points. For computation of reduced

Reciprocal leveling is used to determine the correct difference of elevations of the two points which are quite far apart

A level tube or bubble tube is an important part of most of the surveying instruments. It consists of a

When the levelling instrument has been properly levelled then the bubble tube and the line of sight are truly horizontal

The figure below shows the cross-sectional view of a surveyor’s compass. It consist of a brass or aluminium circular box