Model Analysis
For predicting the performance of hydraulic structures (such as dam, spillway etc.) or hydraulic machines (such as turbines, pumps etc.),
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Civil Engineering
Get MADE EASY Notes for Civil Engineering to help you prepare for GATE, ESE, and state engineering exams. These notes explain key topics in an easy-to-understand way, covering important formulas and concepts that students often struggle with. They are useful for both beginners and revision.
Various Types of Thickness of Boundary Layer
(i) Boundary Layer Thickness (Nominal or Normal Thickness) (δ) It is defined as the perpendicular distance from the body surface
Read MoreShear Stress in Turbulent Flow
Shear stress at the boundary in case of turbulent flow, is much more than that in laminar flow. This is
Read MoreEULER EQUATION OF MOTION ALONG THE STREAMLINE
Consider a streamline of steady flow of an ideal fluid along a stream tube with flow taking place in s-direction.
Read MoreTypes of Motion or Deformation of Fluid Elements
A fluid particle as it moves can undergo the following four types of displacement viz, Linear Translation or Pure Translation
Read MoreMetacentre and Metacentric Height
Consider a body floating in a liquid that in static equilibrium and acted upon by two forces viz. the weight
Read MorePressure Diagram or Prism
A pressure diagram or prism is a graphical representation of the variation of pressure intensity over a plane surface. Total
Read MoreTypes of Pressure
3 Types of Pressure (1) Atmospheric Pressure : The pressure exerted by atmospheric air normally upon all surfaces with which
Read MoreCavitation
Vapour pressure of liquid may causes an unplanned OR undesirable effect called cavitation. When a liquid flows into a region
Read MoreSurface Tension
It has been seen that a drop of blood forms a hump on horizontal glass. Similarly a drop of mercury
Read MoreEuler Theory for Buckling Failure
The Swiss Mathematician Leonhard Euler in 1757 derived a formula for stability of long column. According to Euler’s theory, long
Read MoreShear Stress Distribution in Circular Section
Solid circular shaft Hollow circular shaft Di = internal diameter Do = outer diameter Thin circular tube with mean radius
Read MoreTransformation Equations for Plane Strain
Principal Strains These are strains on planes on which shear strains vanishes and values of shear strains are maximum and
Read MoreHooke Law for Plane Stress
Consider a plane stress element is shown in figure. In this stress element σz = 0 σyz = 0 τxz
Read MoreBeam of Uniform Strength
For an economical design, the section of the beam may be reduced towards the support, as bending moment decreases towards
Read MoreWhat is a Composite Beam in Strength of Materials?
A beam that is built from more than one material is known as composite beams. Example are bimetallic beams, flitched
Read MorePRINCIPAL STRESSES AND MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS
(a) Principal Stress Consider a planar stress element subjected to normal and shear stress as shown below. Normal stress and
Read MoreSimple Bending or Pure Bending
Consider a simply supported beam AB of length L subjected to moment M0 at its ends as shown in figures.
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