Civil Engineering - MADE EASY Study Material for GATE, ESE and SES Exams

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Irrigation Efficiencies

Efficiency is ratio of water output to water input. If losses will be more, then efficiency will be less. Various

Intensity of irrigation To avoid intensive irrigation of a particular area which may cause water logging, salinity and malaria etc.

Systems of Irrigation In irrigation system, there are surface irrigations where you provide water on the surface by gravity force

Speed of an aircraft on runway is relatively faster than the speed on taxiway. Thus design standards, for a taxiway

The basic runway length (discussed above) is for mean sea level elevation, having standard atmosphere conditions. Necessary corrections are applied

Fishplates are used in rail joints to maintain the continuity of the rail. The main objective of fish plates is

The main functions of sleepers are as follows: It holds the rail to correct gauge and alignment. It gives firm

Corrugation in Rail (Roaring Rails) The minute depression on the rail surface due to application of break or during the

Following are the basic requirements of an ideal permanent way: The gauge should be uniform and correct. Both the rails

Surveying is the science of determining the relative positions of different features on ground, along with their elevations. The relative

Open channel flow refers to the flow of liquid (usually water) with an open surface exposed to the atmosphere. It

Relief is the elevation of object above or below the datum. Relief displacement is the lateral displacement (also called as

These co-ordinates are measured with respect to x-axis and y-axis. The origin of these axes is at the datum principal

Aerial photograph is the photograph of an area taken from air with a camera mounted on an aircraft. This image

Triangulation survey is conducted for one or more of following purposes: For establishing accurate ground control points for photogrammetric survey

In triangulation, the whole area under consideration is covered with a framework of triangles. It is based on the principle

In the absence of stadia hairs, the tangential method of tacheometry is resorted to. This method is used when the

As shown in figure, let there be an external focusing telescope with horizontal axis. Also the staff is held vertical

It must originate and meet the straights at zero curvature i.e. at contact points T1 and T2, the radius of