California Bearing (CBR) Test
This is a penetration test developed by the California Division of Highways to evaluate the stability of soil subgrade and
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Traffic Rotaries
Rotary intersections are special form of intersection at grade laid out for the movement of traffic in one direction (clockwise)
Read MoreTraffic Signals
Traffic Signals (ट्रैफिक सिग्नल्स) A traffic signal is defined as any power operated traffic control device or a sign by
Read MoreShock Waves
Whenever a stream of traffic flowing under some flow condition (say, speed = uA, density = kA and flow =
Read MoreTraffic Studies and Analysis
Traffic studies or surveys are carried out to analyze the traffic characteristics. A detailed knowledge of the operating characteristics of
Read MoreLength of Summit Curve
For summit curve, the most important consideration in determining length of curve is requirement of sight distance. Length of summit
Read MoreSet Back Distance
While designing a horizontal alignment, sight distance along the inner side of the curve should also be considered. Sometimes sight
Read MoreSuperelevation
In order to reduce the effect of centrifugal force apart from lateral friction, the outer edge of the pavement is
Read MoreFactors Affecting Geometric Design
There are certain basic design controls and criteria which govern the geometric features of a highway. Topography Design speed Road
Read MoreTransition Curves
When a vehicle is moving on a straight road, it experiences zero centrifugal force because centrifugal force on a vehicle
Read MoreShape Factor
Shape factor gives an indication of the reserve capacity of a section from the onset of yielding at xtreme fibres
Read MoreBeam Column Behavior
Beam-column is the most general case as an element in a structure. As the flexural moment in the beam-column approaches
Read MoreLoads for Gantry Girders
In general gantry girders are laterally unsupported beam except at the column locations. Above figure shows the various forces that
Read MoreSelf Weight of a Plate Girder
The self weight of a plate girder can be estimated from the following empirical relation: w = W/200 kN/m where
Read MoreGusset Base
Gusset base is provided where column load is too heavy or when the axial column load is accompanied by bending
Read MoreTypes of Buckling
VARIOUS TYPES OF BUCKLING A compression member may buckle overall or locally. It is possible that the thin flanges or
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