Guniting
The guniting is the most effective process of repairing concrete work which has been damaged due to inferior work or
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Civil Engineering
Get MADE EASY Notes for Civil Engineering to help you prepare for GATE, ESE, and state engineering exams. These notes explain key topics in an easy-to-understand way, covering important formulas and concepts that students often struggle with. They are useful for both beginners and revision.
Light Weight Concrete
One of the biggest disadvantage of conventional concrete is its heavy weight. This heavy weight make it, to some extent
Read MoreEstimating Yield of Concrete
A rule-of-thumb as given below, may be used to find out the approximate yield of concrete from a given concrete
Read MoreWorkability of Concrete
Workability of Concrete referes to how easily freshly mixed concrete can be placed, consolidated and finished with minimum loss of
Read MoreMaturity of Concrete
It is a parameter which incidates the fraction of strength gain at any particular age. The strength of concrete depends
Read MoreGood Mortar
PROPERTIES OF A GOOD MORTAR A good mortar should have the following properties: It should be capable of developing good
Read MoreRapid Hardening Cement (RHC)
It is finer than ordinary Portland cement. It contains more C3S (> 56%) and less C2S than the OPC. 1
Read MoreCement and Lime
Following points of differences may be noted between ordinary cement and lime: The cement is used for the gain of
Read MoreAnaerobic Stabilisation Units
Design Data of Septic Tank Flow of sewage is taken as 40 to 70 litres/capita/day. When sludge is also discharged
Read MoreSludge Digestion Process
Stages of the Sludge Digestion Process Three distinct stages have been found to occur in the biological action involved in
Read MoreGrit Removal Basins
Grit removal basins, such as Grit chamber or Grit channels or Detritus tank are the sedimentation basins placed in front
Read MoreTypes of Screens
Depending upon the size of the openings, types of screens may be classified as following: (a) Coarse Screens: They are
Read MoreSewage Discharge
ESTIMATION OF SEWAGE DISCHARGE The sewage discharge which has to pass through a sewer must be estimated as correctly as
Read MoreEgg Shaped Sewer
Egg Shaped Sewer Section Circular sewer sections are mostly used for separate sewage system. However, other forms of sewer section
Read MoreBiological Zones in Lakes
Lakes have been found to exhibit distinct zone of biological activity, largely determined by the availability of light and oxygen.
Read MorePopulation Equivalent
Average standard BOD of domestic sewage is 80 gms per person per day. The number of person which produce the
Read MoreCorrosion in Pipes
When water flows through a metal pipe (such as a cast iron or a steel pipe), it attacks and disintegrates
Read MoreAnalysis of Pipe Network
Analysis of pipe network includes determination of quantities of flow and head loss in various pipelines and the resulting residual
Read MoreWater Distribution
Method of Water Distribution Water is forced in the distribution system in the following ways: (i) Gravitational system (ii) Direct
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