CHAIN SURVEYING
Chain surveying is a method of survey of land wherein only linear measurements are made and no angular measurements are
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WORK FROM WHOLE TO PART
It is the first principle of surveying. By this principle, it means that the surveyor should first establish the large
Read MoreSurges in Open Channels
A surge or surge wave is a moving wave front which brings about an abrupt change in depth of flow.
Read MoreJump on Non-Rectangular Horizontal Channel
When the channel is non rectangular i.e., triangular, trapezoidal etc. the flow in a jump will involve lateral expansion of
Read MoreApplications of Hydraulic Jump
Hydraulic jump primarily serves as an energy dissipator to dissipate the excess energy of flowing water downstream of hydraulic structures
Read MoreControl Section
A control section is the section in which a fixed relationship exists between the discharge and the depth of flow.
Read MoreAssumptions in Gradually Varied Flow
The pressure distribution at any section in gradually varied flow is assumed to be hydrostatic. This is because the curvature
Read MoreSection Factor (Z) For Critical Flow Computation
Section factor, Z, for critical flow computation, is the product of wetted area and square root of hydraulic depth. It
Read MoreSpecific Force
As per the momentum equation, the algebraic sum of all external forces acting in a given direction on a fluid
Read MoreVelocity Distribution
In an open channel, velocity across any section is not constant. It is zero at the channel boundary and maximum
Read MoreFlood Control
The term flood control is commonly used to denote all the measures adopted to reduce damages to life and property
Read MoreTime of Redistribution
The effect of storage is to redistribute the hydrograph by shifting the centroid of the inflow hydrograph to the position
Read MoreFlood Wave
Flood wave in open channels are also recognized as long progressive waves with the only difference that the movement of
Read MoreTypes of Routing
Flood routing is technique of determining the flood hydrograph at a section of a river by utilising the data of
Read MoreRisk, Reliability and Safety Factor
There are always some uncertainties associated with estimation of hydrological design values (such as design flood discharge and river stage
Read MoreInstantaneous Unit Hydrograph
A number of unit hydrographs can be drawn for a catchment corresponding to different durations. The shape of unit hydrographs
Read MoreWhat are the components of the runoff?
Various components of runoff are as explained below: 1. Overland Flow : Consider a catchment area having precipitation of a
Read MoreGauging site: What is a gauging point in hydrology?
Measuring the area of cross-section of river at selected section. Gauging site must be selected with case to ensure the
Read MoreWhat is Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP)?
Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) is the maximum possible precipitation that can reasonably be expected at a given location. Probable maximum
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