Operational Amplifier and its Applications
INTRODUCTION
Linear integrated circuits are being used in a number of electronic applications, such as in fields like audio and radio communication, medical electronics, instrumentation control, etc. An important linear IC is the operational amplifier, which will be discussed in this chapter.
An operational amplifier is a direct-coupled high-gain amplifier usually consisting of one or more differential amplifiers and usually followed by a level translator and an output stage.
The op-amp can be represented as
Here, V1 is non-inverting terminal voltage
V2 is inverting terminal voltage
Zi is input impedance
Zo is output impedance
Vo is output voltage
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