Induction hardening
- This process is employed to increase hardness, wear resistance and endurance limit of the surface of the work piece, the heat treatment is given to the surface only by supplying excessive heat to the surface followed by quenching.
- The structure of core remains unchanged because it is not affected by heat, the components should contain 0.4 – 0.5 % carbon on sufficient alloying elements as chromium Ni, Au, Mo. The work is placed in a medical coil called inductor.
- The coil consists of several turns of water cooled Cu tubing. Alternate current is passed through the inductor, and thus an alternating magnetic field is set up.
- The field induces eddy currents on the surface layers, and heat is generated. The current density is not uniform through out the cross section of the work piece.
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- The whole work surface is heated at one time and quenched. This procedure is used for hardening surface of small component like shaft and sharp tools.
- The section of work are heated and quenched consequently. This procedure is used for hardening crank shaft, gears and cams.
Advantages :
- Time required is very small hence the process is very quick and productivity is high.
- Scale is not formed hence machining time is saved, material is not lost due to scale formation.
- The process can be automated.
- Depth of hardness can be controlled easily.
- Distortion is reduced.
- Due to high-speed grain growth, decarburizing does not occur.
- Both external and internal surfaces can be hardened.
- It is an efficient mass production method. Almost every component can be uniformly hardened i.e. quality of all the components is uniform.
- Wherever required, the hardening can be localized, and there is no need to protect the remaining surfaces.
Disadvantages :
- Each type of work piece required different fixtures for its holding, whereas different work pieces can be treated at one time in carburizing and nitriding.
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