Electrical Engineering - MADE EASY Study Material for GATE, ESE and SES Exams

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Karnaugh Map

The “Karnaugh map” is a graphical method which provides a systematic method for simplifying and manipulating the Boolean expressions or

De Morgan’s Theorem These are very useful in simplifying expressions in which a product or sum of variables is inverted.

The Boolean algebra is governed by certain well developed rules and laws. Commutative Lawswell-developed The commutative law allows change in

Most of the relays are restrained by spring so that they are at a pre-determined position when completely de-energized. At

There are mainly two types of protection: Primary protection: It is the first line of defence and ensures quick acting

1. Air-Break Circuit Breakers (ACB) 2. Oil Circuit Breakers 3. Vacuum Circuit Breakers (VCBs) 4. Air-Blast Circuit Breakers (ABCB) 5.

A circuit breaker consists of two contacts namely “fixed” and “moving contacts” which touches each other under normal condition i.e.

INTRODUCTION In a power system protection, faults can occur in any components like generators, transformers, buses or transmission lines and

It has been seen that transient stability is greatly affected by the type and location of a fault, so that

Let us consider a single machine tied to infinite bus through two parallel lines as shown below in figure. Let

Let the system of figure shown above be operating with mechanical input Pm at a steady angle of δ0(Pm =

For single machine system and infinite bus-bars a method known as “equal area criterion of stability” is employed. This method

DIFFERENT FORMS OF STABILITY For the purpose of analysis there are mainly three stability conditions which are namely 1. Steady

When a fault occurs in a power system network, the current flowing is determined by the internal emfs of the

INTRODUCTION Whenever there is insulation failure of equipment in a power system or flashover of the lines initiated by a

YBUS can be formed using two methods namely. Direct inspection method Singular transformation method 1. Direct Inspection Method Let us

(i) ZBUS can be obtained as inverse of YBUS given by (ii) In ZBUS matrix, the diagonal elements are short

FORMULATION OF NODAL ADMITTANCE MATRIX Power system network can be analysed using either mesh current method or nodal voltage method.

INTRODUCTION Electrical energy is generated by conversion of energy available in different forms from different natural sources such as pressure