Page Faults in Operating Systems
Each page table entry has a valid bit; it indicates whether the corresponding page is currently in memory. If the page is not in memory, a page fault has occurred and the control is trapped in the OS. During address translation, if the valid/invalid bit in the page table entry is 0, a page fault has occurred.
In demand paging, a page fault occurs when a reference is made to a page not in memory. The page fault may occur while fetching an instruction or fetching an operand of an instruction.
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