File Management System
File management system is a set of software modules. It provides services to the user and application programs concerning files. Typically file management system is the only medium through which user or application program can access files.
The supreme achievement of the file management is that it has relieved the burden of the user or application, because otherwise user or application program has to develop programs for different applications to access files.
Objectives of File Management System
- Ensure that the data in the file is valid.
- Achieve high throughput and good response time.
- Support different I/O functions for different types of storage devices.
- Eliminate /minimize to the extent possible the potential for lost/destroyed data.
- Provide a standardized set of I/O interface routines.
- Provide I/O support for multiple users in a multi user system
File System Architecture
File system architecture specifies how the files will be stored into the computer system, how the data of user will be stored in files and how user will access that data.
File System Structure
Most file systems are stored on a hard disk. To improve performance, I/0 transfers between memory and disk are performed in units of blocks. Each block is one or more sectors. Each sector is between 32 bytes and 4096 bytes; usually 512 bytes.
Why are disks the primary medium for storing multiple files?
- They can be rewritten in place; it is possible to read a block from the disk, to modify the block and to write it back into the same place.
- We can access directly any given block of information on the disk; thus it is simple to access any file either sequentially or randomly.
File System Implementation
The file system provides the mechanism for on-line storage and access to both data and programs. The file system resides permanently on secondary storage The main requirement of a file system is that it must be able to hold a large amount of data permanently. Issues associated with file system implementation include:
- Disk space allocation
- Free space recovery
- Tracking the location of data
- Performance
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