Stress and Strain
Stress and Strain
Stress
It is the resistance offered by a body to deformation.
- Nominal stress (Engineering stress) = Load/ Original area
- Actual/True stress = Load/ Changed(Actual) area
Strain
- Deformation per unit length in the direction of deformation is known as strain. It is dimensionless.
- Strain = Change in dimension/ Original dimension
Engineering stress strain curve for mild steel for tension under static-loading.
- OA — Straight line (proportional region, Hookes law is valid)
- OB — Elastic region
- BC′ — Elasto plastic region
- CD — Perfectly plastic region
- DE — Strain hardening
- EF — Necking region
- A — Limit of proportionality, stress strain curve ceases to be a straight line.
- B — Elastic limit
- D — Strain hardening starts
- Slope of OA=Modulus of elasticity (Young’s Modulus): It is constant of proportionality which is defined as the intensity of stress that causes unit strain.
- Plastic strain is 10 to 15 times elastic strain.
- Fracture strain (∈f) depends on percentage carbon in steel.
- When carbon percentage increases then fracture strain decreases and yield stress increases.
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