WHAT IS PIPELINE HAZARDS AND ITS TYPES?

Pipeline hazards occur when instructions rely on the outcomes of previous instructions that have not yet completed their execution.

Structural Hazard

A structural hazard occurs when two (or more) instructions that are already in the pipeline need the same resource. The result is that the instructions must be executed in serial rather than parallel for a portion of the pipeline.

Data Hazard

It occur when an instruction depends on the result of a previous instruction still in the pipeline, which result has not yet been computed. When two different instructions use the same storage location It must appear as if they executed in sequential order.

Control Hazard

It can result from branch instructions. The branch target address might not be ready in time for the branch to be taken, which results in stalls (dead segments) in the pipeline that have to be inserted as local wait events, until processing can resume after the branch target is executed.

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