Lateral Earth Pressure
TYPES OF LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE Lateral earth pressure acting on the retaining structures is divided into three categories depending upon
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Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering
Bearing Capacity
The load carrying capacity of foundation soil or rock which enables it to bear and transmit loads from a structure
Read MoreUnconfined Compression Test
It is a special case of triaxial test in which confining pressure is zero. It means only deviator or shear
Read MoreShear Strength
‘Shear strength’ is the resistance offered by soil against shear deformation, its value is equal to the shear stress on
Read MoreCompression Ratios
The relative compression during initial compressibility, primary consolidation and secondary consolidations are defined by the following three ratios: (i) Initial
Read MorePreconsolidation Pressure
The maximum pressure to which an overconsolidated soil had been subjected in the past is known as the preconsolidation pressure
Read MoreConsolidation
The decrease in volume of fully saturated soil by squeezing out of the pore water on account of gradual dissipation
Read MoreSeepage Through Earthen Dams
Figure shows a typical section of an earthen dam. A typical flow net of seepage through its body is also
Read MoreSeepage Pressure
When water flows through saturated soil mass, the head available is dissipated as viscous friction, producing a frictional drag in
Read MorePermeability of Soil
Soil is a particulate material and has pores that provides a passage for water. Such passages vary in size and
Read MoreEffective Stresses
PHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EFFECTIVE STRESSES Consider a fully saturated soil. Let us take a wavy plane x-x passing through the
Read MoreClay Minerals
STRUCTURE OF CLAY MINERALS Clay minerals are composed of two basic structural units. (i) Tetrahedral unit (ii) Octahedral unit (i)
Read MoreCompaction Behaviour of Sand
The moisture-dry density relationship, as obtained from a laboratory test on a cohesionless sand is shown in figure below: Initially
Read MoreZero Air Void Line
At constant moisture content, the dry unit weight reaches its theoretical maximum when all the air is expelled from the
Read MoreRelative Density
Relative density is also called degree of density or density index. It is the index which quantifies the degree of
Read MoreConsistency of clays (Atterberg Limits)
Consistency represents relative ease with which a soil can be deformed. It represents relative firmness of soil. In practice, consistency
Read MoreGravity Of Soil Solids
Pycnometer Method This method is similar to Pycnometer method for water content determination, but here oven dry soil is taken
Read MorePhase Diagram
Soil mass, in general is a three phase system composed of solid, liquid and gaseous phase. Different phases present in
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